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Arteriovenous Malformation
- Days In Hospital 3 days
- Outside Hospital Stay 21 days
- Success Rate %
Minimum Cost
$ 10000
Maximum Cost.
$ 15000
Overview of Arteriovenous Malformation in India
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a knot of blood vessels that form atypical connections between arteries and veins, disrupting blood flow to the surrounding tissues due to a lack of oxygen. AVMs can develop anywhere within your body; one area where they most often form is in your brain.
Arteries transport oxygenated blood away from your heart to allow it to reach the rest of the body (e.g., to allow our lungs and brain to function). When this critical process is disrupted by an avm, the surrounding tissues will not receive adequate oxygen.
Since the veins forming the AVM do not properly evolve into healthy blood vessels, they can break and rupture. When an AVM ruptures in the brain, bleeding in the brain occurs as a result of brain hemorrhages. Bleeding in the brain can result in stroke or permanent damage to the brain.
What Is An Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)?
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an irregularly shaped mass of blood vessels – resembling a nest of birds – composed of arteries, which would generally carry oxygenated blood to the brain and veins, which would typically drain this oxygen-poor and nutrient-poor blood back to the heart and to the lungs.
Your blood circulates through your body in an organised and enclosed system of blood vessels. Blood vessels carry oxygenated blood and nutrients from the heart to the brain and other organs throughout the body via arteries. Blood vessels then return deoxygenated blood and waste products to the heart and lungs via the veins.
Capillaries, the smallest of all the blood vessels, act as the connection point between arteries and veins where the exchange of oxygen and nutrients takes place. However, in a patient with an AVM, the connection point between arteries and veins (the capillary "bridge") is not present.
Therefore, blood will flow directly from high-pressure (high-velocity) arterial blood vessels into inconsequential venous blood vessels not used to withstanding high-pressure (high-velocity) blood flow. This abnormal (direct) connection between the artery and the vein leads to rupture of vessels and ultimately results in a bleed within the brain.
Types of Arteriovenous Malformation:
Cerebral AVM
This one shows up in the brain and is basically the most typical AVM type. Cerebral AVMs can cause pretty serious issues; hemorrhagic strokes and seizures are some of them. Treatment options usually include surgical resection, endovascular embolisation, or stereotactic radiosurgery, depending on the case.
Spinal AVM
Spinal AVMs sit in the spinal cord, and they may bring symptoms like back pain, weakness, or changes in sensation. Often, treatment can mean a surgical course of action, or endovascular techniques meant to lessen the blood flow going to the abnormal cluster.
Peripheral AVM
Peripheral AVMs are found in the limbs or other places outside the central nervous system. The symptoms can be all over the map, and the treatment plan may involve surgical excision or embolisation, and sometimes both.
Complex AVM
Some AVMs end up being more intricate in structure, with several feeding arteries and draining veins involved at the same time. These complex AVMs typically call for a multidisciplinary approach, meaning a team plan for care, blending surgical work with endovascular techniques.
Procedure:
The way to treat an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) will depend on the location of your AVM, what type of symptoms you have and what your individual risks are with respect to treatment. In some cases, your doctor may choose to monitor your AVM with regular imaging studies to see if it changes. In other cases, AVM's must be treated. If your AVM has not bled, and you are not at an increased risk for developing a rupture, your physician may choose to manage your care with conservative (non-interventional) treatments.
Medications
An AVM's symptoms can be treated with medication; the most common symptoms treated are seizures, pain, and headaches.
AVM Removal Surgery
Surgery is the best way to treat AVMs and is done primarily if a patient is at risk of bleeding from an AVM. A patient is likely to receive surgical treatment to remove an AVM through a minimal risk approach. There are many different types of surgical procedures that may be performed on a patient to remove an AVM; the procedure will usually involve opening the skin over the AVM and blocking off the blood supply to the AVM. After the surgeon completes the surgical procedure, the AVM should be removed and no longer pose a risk of bleeding in the future.
When a surgeon performs a surgical procedure to remove an AVM, they will create an incision in the vicinity of the AVM and will use an elevated view to visualise the AVM and the surrounding blood vessels. Following the creation of the incision, the surgeon will then make a small opening in the surrounding blood vessels to stop the bleeding and then redirect the blood flow to normal blood vessels. After the surgical removal of an AVM, the patient is generally admitted to the hospital for an extended period of time and may also require a short period of time in a rehabilitation facility following discharge from the hospital.
Embolization
In this method, a catheter is inserted into the groin or wrist and travels to the location of the AVM, where a glue-like substance, coil, or another substance that slows or stops blood flow is released into the AVM. This method will usually be used to decrease the risk of rupture of an AVM that has a high volume of blood flow due to its size.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery
An alternate method of treating an AVM is to subject it to very precise radiation in order to gradually close, damage, and resolve the AVM (a process which can take years); or to help facilitate surgical removal of the AVM.
Best Doctors in India
Dr Harnarayan Singh
Director and Head of the Department : Neurosurgery & Spine Surgery
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Cost of Arteriovenous Malformation in India
The total cost of Arteriovenous Malformations treatment costs between USD 7200 and USD 9600 in India when treating Indian patients. The cost for treating international patients is between USD 10800 and USD 13200.
The average stay in the hospital is 3 days and outside of the hospital averages 15 days (total time away from the hospital is 18 days). The overall cost of the treatment will vary by the diagnosis and the options chosen by the patient.
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Indications of Arteriovenous Malformation:
Symptoms of an arteriovenous malformation could be:
- seizures that result in unconsciousness or not.
- a headache.
- paralysis or weakening of the muscles.
- vomiting and nausea.
- tingling or numbness.
- lightheadedness.
- issues with speech, movement, thinking, memory, balance, or vision.
- hallucinations, dementia, or mental disorientation.
- You may get sudden and severe back pain or weakness in your legs, hips, and toes.
- Breathing difficulties during exercise.
- If the AVM is in your lungs, you may cough up blood.
- stomach discomfort.
- lumps on your trunk, arms, or legs.
- swelling and pain.
Risk Factors:
Bleeding: One of the major concerns during and after AVM treatment is bleeding, which may be at the AVM location or the surrounding areas. Some bleeding is normal, but heavy bleeding could be serious and may need more treatment.
Infection: Surgery always has its risk of infection. Besides getting infected through the wound, there may also be cases of internal infection, which can make recovery challenging.
Neurological Deficits: The brain area where the AVM is and the way it is treated determine the possibility of neurological deficits being experienced by the person. This could range from difficulties in movement, speech, or recognizing sensations.
Seizures: Seizures have been known to occur in patients who have undergone brain AVM treatment. This problem can be managed by the use of specific drugs.
Stroke: The possibility of having a stroke when on AVM treatment is pretty low, but still should not be ignored. A stroke can cause severe damage and needs the concerted action of a medical team.
Anesthesia Complications: Anesthesia complications are quite limited, and only a handful of patients will experience an allergic reaction or respiratory distress. Risks will be kept to a minimum by the medical staff with precautions taken.
Recurrence of AVM: The complete eradication of AVM is not always the case, so sometimes a revisit of the condition occurs. Therefore, the matter of repeated treatment will arise.
Cerebral Edema: AVM treatment can result in cerebral edema, which is the accumulation of fluid in the brain. This leads to an increase in pressure in the head and a variety of symptoms, including neurological ones. The fluid buildup will require the attention of a medical professional.
Long-Term Considerations: Besides the risks that one experiences immediately, it is worthwhile that patients are also aware of those that are delayed. In the long run, examining health and checking up on possible problems will be an important aspect.